街道可视因子对夏季午后城市街道峡谷 微气候和热舒适度的影响研究

城市街道作为城市最重要的活动空间,对其进行合 理的规划和改造有利于改善城市热环境。揭示街道可视因子对 街道峡谷微气候和热舒适度的作用机制,可以作为城市规划设 计的理论基础。选取杭州市典型街道峡谷为研究对象,通过 实测和数据分析发现,在夏季午后,不同街道峡谷内微气候和 热舒适度存在明显差异：各街道峡谷之间空气温度、平均辐 射温度和生理等效温度最大值与最小值之差分别达到了2.9、 25.3和15.3℃;N-S朝向的街道热环境优于E-W朝向的街 道,但街道的开敞程度和植物遮阴会抵消街道朝向的影响。研 究也发现,在午后,街道可视因子会对街道峡谷热环境产生不 同程度的影响,天空可视因子越高,街道峡谷空间越开敞,街 道热环境和热舒适度越差;建筑可视因子与城市街道峡谷微气 候和热舒适度相关性不大;而树木可视因子则对街道峡谷热环 境具有重要影响,树木可视因子越高,街道树木的遮阴程度越 高,街道内热环境和热舒适度越佳,这种现象在E-W朝向的 街道峡谷中表现得更为明显。     

路灯灯管支架断裂失效分析

目的研究路灯灯管支架出现批量断裂失效的原因。方法通过化学成分分析、力学性能分析、断口扫描分析、金相组织分析、能谱分析等测试手段,对灯管支架的断裂模式及失效原因进行了分析。结果材料中存在贯穿性的带状硅、钙类非金属夹杂物,严重破坏了组织连续性;同时,晶界析出过多链状或断续网状三次渗碳体,导致了晶界脆性增大。结论材料内部缺陷会严重降低材料综合力学性能,通过对原材料冶炼工艺及后续热处理工艺进行改进,问题得到了有效解决,杜绝了此类失效事故再次发生。     

木制家具甲醛检测标准研究与应用探讨

为科学指导室内装饰装修选材,以实现对室内装饰装修项目完工后室内环境中甲醛有效的控制,本文重点研究了国内外应用气候舱法测量木质家具中甲醛释放量的相关检测标准,并在此基础上探讨了影响甲醛释放的相关环境因素,从而得出根据小型气候舱测试木制家具系统各组件甲醛释放量结果推算木制家具早期投入使用时室内甲醛浓度参数的计算模型,为木制家具甲醛测试方法的应用与工程选材提供了参考。     

大型室内步行街防火分区划分安全性分析

介绍某商业综合体防火分区设置,针对其室内步行街防火分区划分存在的问题,设置步行街临街商铺火灾和中庭火灾,改变自动喷水灭火系统、机械排烟系统、火源功率三个因素设置6个火灾场景,分析火灾后烟气流动.设置两个场景模拟人员疏散,比较可用疏散时间和必要疏散时间,分析其防火分区划分的可行性.     

浅析不同涂刷工艺的木家具面板中挥发性有机化合物的释放量

利用环境舱法测定不同涂刷工艺的木家具面板在舱内一段时间的挥发性有机化合物释放量,结果表明,相同涂刷工艺的同种木家具样品所测得的挥发性有机化合物释放量相近,不同涂刷工艺的同种木家具面板样品中挥发性有机化合物释放量有一定差别,而同种涂刷工艺的不同木家具面板样品中挥发性有机化合物的释放量也不同。采用UV底漆涂刷的面板样品的挥发性有机化合物释放量相对最低,测试结果满足木家具中挥发性有机化合物的释放限量要求。     

Ergonomic mismatch between students anthropometry and university classroom furniture

University students spend most of their time in classrooms, mostly in a sitting position. Prolonged sitting on ill-fitted furniture and the resulting bad posture is making students suffer from different musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study evaluates the potential mismatch between furniture dimensions and anthropometric measurements. To determine potential mismatch, 13 anthropometric measurements of 550 students and 11 dimensions of two types of classroom furniture (mounted-desktop and chair-with-table) were measured and then compared. Additionally, chi-square test was performed to compare the relation between anthropometry and relevant furniture dimensions. Results showed that a significant number of mismatches emerged between anthropometric measurements and furniture dimensions. For both types of furniture, seat height was too high and seat depth was too deep. Moreover, for mounted desktop, desk height is almost appropriate for all students whereas for chair and table, it was too high for the males. These circumstances may lead to increase discomfort and increase MSDs problems among all students. It can be concluded that the dimensions of both types of classroom furniture were not appropriate for users according to anthropometric measurements. This analysis recommends the measurements of furniture dimensions based on participants’ anthropometric measurements to avoid or minimise discomfort and MSDs problems.     

论风情商业街地点性的实现

风情商业街的地点性是在地域性的框架下,依据场地的多种特质,构建独一无二的场所及氛围。文章以重庆渝中区的洪崖洞民俗风貌区和融创·白象街两个项目为例,从文态、形态、业态、生态四个方面进行比较分析,说明风情商业街地点性的成因及其重要意义,并提供一种规划设计思路。     

New rules of thumb maximizing energy efficiency in street lighting with discharge lamps: The general equations for lighting design

New relationships between energy efficiency, illuminance uniformity, spacing and mounting height in public lighting installations were derived from the analysis of a large sample of outputs generated with a widely used software application for lighting design. These new relationships greatly facilitate the calculation of basic lighting installation parameters. The results obtained are also based on maximal energy efficiency and illuminance uniformity as a premise, which are not included in more conventional methods. However, these factors are crucial since they ensure the sustainability of the installations. This research formulated, applied and analysed these new equations. The results of this study highlight their usefulness in rapid planning and urban planning in developing countries or areas affected by natural disasters where engineering facilities and computer applications for this purpose are often unavailable.     

民国家具风格形成因素初探

通过对民国家具在形成过程中起到重要影响作用的因素进行研究,初步探究出其风格形成的原因,通过对民国家具风格形成因素的探寻和借鉴,从而找出其对现代家具发展的促进作用。     

民族特色在旅游商品街规划中的应用和体现

以云南新平戛洒镇花街的规划为例,对传统的建筑理念及建筑形式如何更好地融会到现代建筑理念、建筑形式与科学技术中进行了分析,从而更好地满足现代生活对于物质及文化的同步需要。